Welcome to Melbourne

Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, is a lively metropolis known for its mix of elegant 19th-century architecture and bold contemporary creativity. From tree-lined boulevards and hidden laneways to riverside promenades and nearby beaches, Melbourne feels intimate and expansive at the same time.

History

Founded in 1835 and rapidly transformed during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, Melbourne grew into one of the wealthiest cities in the British Empire. Its historic bluestone buildings, grand arcades, and stately public institutions still echo that prosperous era, while layers of subsequent immigration and development have continually reshaped the city.

Current status

Today Melbourne is a global cultural hub and Australia’s centre for arts, education and sport. Its economy is diverse—spanning finance, technology, education and creative industries—while the city remains a magnet for students, creatives and international visitors who fuel a constantly evolving urban scene.

Local culture

Melbourne’s local culture prizes creativity, conversation and convivial public life. The city’s famous laneways host street art, small galleries and indie fashion boutiques; live music venues and theatre companies thrive; and events from the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to sporting fixtures create a year-round cultural calendar.

Food

Food in Melbourne reflects its multicultural population: you’ll find exceptional Italian, Greek, Vietnamese, Lebanese and modern Australian options within blocks of each other. Coffee is a near-religion here—specialty roasters and neighborhood cafes serve meticulously brewed espresso and flat whites—and the dining scene ranges from no-frills hawker-style bites to refined tasting menus.

Attractions

Federation Square

Federation Square is a civic heart where modern architecture meets festivals, free outdoor screenings and cultural institutions. It’s a great starting point for exploring the Yarra River precinct and catching exhibitions at nearby galleries.

Royal Botanic Gardens

The Royal Botanic Gardens offer tranquil, expertly curated landscapes across expansive grounds, perfect for picnics and gentle strolls. The gardens showcase native Australian flora alongside international plantings and provide a peaceful contrast to the nearby urban bustle.

National Gallery of Victoria (NGV)

The NGV houses a wide-ranging collection from classical works to contemporary installations and often hosts major international exhibitions. Its galleries and program schedule make it a cornerstone of Melbourne’s vibrant arts scene.

Queen Victoria Market

Queen Victoria Market is a lively market experience where locals shop for fresh produce, specialty foods and unique souvenirs. The atmosphere—part market, part cultural institution—captures Melbourne’s love of food, community and discovery.

Melbourne Laneways and Street Art

Melbourne’s laneways are a living gallery of street art, tucked-away cafes and tiny bars, inviting exploration and serendipitous finds. Exploring these lanes reveals much of the city’s character: inventive street food, boutique shops and vibrant, ever-changing murals.

St Kilda and the Bayside Coast

St Kilda combines a relaxed beachfront vibe with lively cafés, a historic pier and a seasonal parade of events. The nearby bayside suburbs offer coastal walks, seaside dining and sunsets that highlight Melbourne’s maritime charm.

Final thoughts

Melbourne rewards slow exploration—bring comfortable shoes, a curiosity for small cafes and galleries, and an appetite for diverse food. Whether you’re chasing arts and culture, sporting spectacles or simply great coffee, Melbourne delivers a layered, welcoming experience that keeps visitors returning.

Local customs

• Greet with a smile and a handshake; people are informal and friendly.
• Small talk about sport (AFL) or coffee is common — Melbourneers are proud of their cafés.
• Punctuality is expected for tours and bookings; give notice if you’ll be late.
• Tipping is not required; 10% is appreciated for exceptional service but not expected.
• Respect Indigenous sites and use the local place name Narrm when offered.

Transportation

• Buy and use a myki card or Mobile myki for trains, trams and buses; tap on/off where required. (transport.vic.gov.au)
• Note the Free Tram Zone in the CBD: no myki needed if your whole tram trip stays inside it. (transport.vic.gov.au)
• Plan journeys with the PTV app or station maps; allow extra time at peak hours (morning/evening). (ptv.vic.gov.au)
• Expect card/contactless ticketing to expand — a ticketless tap-and-go rollout is planned (phased, check current status). (theguardian.com)
• Airport transfers: SkyBus and coaches serve Tullamarine; check schedules and book ahead for morning flights.
• Ride-sharing and taxis are widely available; always confirm the vehicle/plate before entering.

Safety

• Melbourne is generally safe; use common-sense precautions at night (stay in well-lit areas, avoid isolated laneways alone).
• Keep valuables secure and be aware of pickpockets in crowded events and on public transport.
• Follow local emergency number 000 for police/ambulance/fire; for non-urgent police calls use local station numbers.
• Watch tram tracks when crossing roads and stand behind the yellow line on platforms.

Money & practicalities

• Australia uses 230–240V, plug type I; bring an adapter and voltage-capable devices.
• ATMs are common; credit/debit cards are widely accepted (tap or chip); carry some cash for small stalls.
• Sales tax (GST) is included in prices; some tourists can claim GST refunds when leaving the country — check eligibility.
• Pharmacy (chemist) hours vary; for after-hours use major hospital emergency departments or 24/7 clinics.

Insider tips

• Explore laneways (Degraves, Centre Place) for coffee and street art — go early or late to avoid crowds.
• Use tram routes to sightsee cheaply; the City Circle and Free Tram Zone cover many CBD highlights. (transport.vic.gov.au)
• Weekends and event days (Melbourne Cup, Australian Open) affect transport and hotel prices—book tickets and accommodation early.
• Markets (Queen Victoria, South Melbourne) are best visited in the morning for fresher produce and fewer crowds.
• Try a Myki daily cap: if you tap on enough in a day you won’t pay beyond the cap (use myki Money/Pass options). (transport.vic.gov.au)
• Ask locals for neighbourhood café recommendations — Melbourne’s coffee scene is neighbourhood-driven.

Health & entry

• Australia requires biosecurity screening for some food, plants and animal products — declare items at customs.
• Check visa requirements well before travel; many nationalities need an ETA or visitor visa.